Causes of back pain and treatment
Back pain is a common problem that affects around 90% of people at some point in their lives. It can be categorized as acute (lasting less than one month) or chronic (lasting more than one month). With appropriate treatment, 90% of patients experience relief within two months.
Here are some of the main causes of back pain and the actions that can be taken for relief:
Lumbar spondylosis: If the five bones of the lower back (lumbar vertebrae) undergo degeneration due to age or genetic factors, it is referred to as lumbar spondylosis.
Sciatica: This is a common cause of back pain, particularly in individuals between 25 and 40 years of age. It is characterized by a pinched nerve in the spine. It often manifests as a shooting pain that radiates down the leg.
History of major injury or trauma, along with back pain, should be given extra attention. It is important to consider previous fractures or the presence of tuberculosis.
Back pain should not be ignored if the patient has a history of cancer, osteoporosis, AIDS, or prolonged use of steroid medications.
Symptoms such as fever, weight loss, loss of appetite, excessive fatigue, etc., in addition to back pain, especially if the pain radiates to the leg or is severe in one leg, should be taken seriously.
Problems with urination or bowel movements, numbness around the anus, curvature of the spine, weakness in the legs, or dryness of the leg muscles should be given special attention. If any of these symptoms are present along with back pain, it is important to seek prompt medical advice.
Symptoms:
Initially, the pain may be mild and gradually increase over time.
In most cases, lying down provides relief, and the pain worsens with movement. Even slight movements can aggravate the pain.
Pain may radiate from the back to the legs, causing difficulty in walking or getting up. The back muscles may become tense and stiff.
Activities that involve bending forward, such as praying, washing the face with water, or walking, can worsen the pain.
Diagnosis:
Various tests are available for diagnosing back pain, such as forward bending and backward bending tests.
Neurological examinations are conducted to assess any signs of neurological deficits.
X-rays and MRI scans of the back may be required.
Blood tests may be performed to measure calcium levels, uric acid levels, sedimentation rate, etc.
Treatment:
Initial treatment typically involves rest and pain relief through medications, physical therapy, and hot or cold compresses.
If conservative measures fail to provide relief, further interventions may be considered, such as epidural steroid injections or surgical options like discectomy or spinal fusion.
It is important to consult with a healthcare professional for a proper diagnosis and personalized treatment plan for back pain.

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